Delegation of Tasks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Designation of Tasks - Essay Example This won't just diminishing the outstanding burden on a specific individual, yet in addition help create dynamic capacities and an increasingly dependable viewpoint, among one's group of subordinates. Assigning remaining tasks at hand is a prime power that accompanies position. At the point when one delegates a specific errand, one needs to remember, the limit of your subordinate who might be designating the undertaking doled out by you. Breaking down whether he can do equity to the bit of work, will help maintain a strategic distance from outstanding burden blunder. Furthermore, an away from of correspondence must win, since your subordinates need to appreciate what precisely you expect out of them and how the specific assignment should be taken care of. A blend of ability and correspondence changes designation of work into a simple undertaking. Here is an investigation on what could be the fluctuated measures, essentials and rules one needs to remember, before appointing errands: It is nevertheless clear that one needs to share authority over the errands designated, with the subordinate alloted to play out the undertakings. One may feel shaky about one's position getting weakened or stressed if the assignment appointed will be finished as consummately as one would manage it. In such cases, one needs to guarantee that one illuminates every single step one would receive, in finishing the assignment, to one's subordinate. Along these lines, they would use a similar information in future assignments. You can in any case hold your hold by regulating their work forms at ordinary stages. Cooking Information: Assignment converts into implying that one trusts one's subordinate to settle on compelling utilization of his dynamic capacities. It implies that their dynamic capacities must be of a predominant quality and along these lines, access to data is the key here. Just verifiable, blunder without a worry in the world data can help legitimate dynamic. This data can be as relational trades, organization data or even data got from the PC and the web. Along these lines, correspondence isn't leaped and errands are completed with equivalent administrative skill. Even minded Approach: As a representative possessing a definitive position, one needs to understand that not all workers at fluctuated levels have a similar degree of information or so far as that is concerned, the specialized skill. You have to clarify how precisely a specific system should be followed, alongside the itemized clarification of the means. Along these lines, there will be no miscommunication or miscomprehension. Hence, offering leniency for those with absence of information about your own specializations or work forms is indispensable to raise the certainty levels of those engaged with completing your appointments. Inclusion: As the assigning authority, one will in general get excessively associated with the task you delegate and in this manner, show up promptly

The role of government in economic development

The job of government in financial turn of events Utilizing national and universally models basically survey the job of government in the administration of the economy and the monetary turn of events. Government assumes a significant job in keeping the economy stable. Financial during outrageous relapse, for example, World War II power governments to partake in restoring the economy. During 1980s, the development of many creating nations confronted a genuine down turn (Adelman, 1999). Be that as it may, numerous Asian nations helped by their legislature can keep up or even improve the monetary turn of events. Their administration discovered out by maintaining a strategic distance from flattening and limitation of import and pay. Rather, they advanced their fare limit which permits outside nation to exchange and put resources into their market. The US central government is another case of government oversaw economy. By changing the duty, cash gracefully, or the wages, the administrations are equipped for controlling the pace of financial development in which influence the measure of work and cost, thus influence request and flexibly. During the Great Depression, in the time of 1930s, government confronted monetary downturns (Governments Role, 2010). By worried about moderate development rate, the legislature regarded this circumstance as the most genuine. They significantly decreased duties rate and financed the cash gracefully themselves. Later in 1970s, the legislature looked against another issue, the swelling. To manage expansion, government pioneers controlled the circumstance by confining the pace of interest, evading tax break, and keeping up the development in cash flexibly. For a considerable length of time, Thai government has center for the most part around industrialization strategy along its financial circumstance. To balance out monetary turn of events, they ad lib modern market to be their need. In the first place, the administration permitted the private segment to help the mechanical turn of events. At that point they would abstain from framing any speculation that may contend with the industrys private help. These procedures are utilized to help the private division, giving governments support, and elevate individuals to contend. Nonetheless, to have the option to partake in global serious market, the legislature would need to upgrade their efficiency rate in both quality and amount. Consequently, the legislature fortifies talented work and progressively advance innovation to help ventures to build the standard of their items. With government help, we had the option to help out Indochina nations in their worldwide exchange and investment(Adelma n, 1999). Q3. Consider the association between food creation and atmosphere. Compose as article which covers a rundown of the different ways that creation, circulation, and utilization contribute or kill consequences for the atmosphere. One of the principle factors with respect to farming is atmosphere. As environmental change, it causes genuine harm on soil, crops, domesticated animals, bug, or even maladies. Subsequently, we human attempted to discover arrangements that could kill these harms. Approaches are made to take care of issue from atmosphere changes. First the approach called Agricultural appropriation and exchange policies(Antle, 2010). This strategy was built up since 1930; it elevate rancher to develop supported harvest as opposed to attempting to adjust to environmental change. This arrangement controls the ranchers action. It in the end wound global market. The subsequent arrangement or, Production and pay protection approaches and calamity assistance(Antle, 2010) is a drawn out technique that protection fiascos. This strategy protects that rancher will collector incomplete installment consequently if their homesteads are harm yet cataclysmic event. The third strategy is called Soil and water preservation arrangements and biological system administrations (Antle, 2010). This approach ensures the ripeness of soil and water in a specific region. Yield are requested to be taken out and supplanted by trees. In any case, this strategy don't conceded the desire to adjust to environmental change despite the fact that it advances ecological worth (Antle, 2010). The following strategy is Tax arrangements (Antle, 2010). Since tax collection influences nearly everything, it deal with adjustment by accelerate the deterioration of advantages or advance speculation that are eco-accommodating. In any case, expenses can just help farming by implication. It is progressively viable in other region in economy, so this strategy is frequently ignored. The fifth strategy is the Energy arrangements (Antle, 2010). We turned out to be increasingly more worry about our atmosphere condition. Along these lines, we are more enthusiasm for non-fossil-based vitality (Antle, 2010). Food creation can help fix this issue as well. Yields or waste item could be transformed into vitality. The expense of this technique is additionally low. Ecological approaches and rural land use is another strategy that add to atmosphere change(Antle, 2010). This arrangement deals with the measure of land utilized since environmental change fluctuates in various zones. For instance, creature squander has been set together in a particular site so the spot can be utilized later. Unwittingly, food creation or farming could be valuable in helping nature. Since atmosphere changes couldn't be stayed away from, each accessible asset is utilized to postpone it. From creature waste to tax collection, they all have their own qualities to adjust against atmosphere changes. Q4. Where is the future interest for vitality prone to be the best and why? What wellsprings of vitality are probably going to overwhelm in the short run future? In the more extended run? Would it be a good idea for us to be idealistic or critical about the short-run and since quite a while ago run possibilities for vitality? India is a home to more than 15 % of the total populace (India Energy Data, 2010). With high developing monetary rate, they devour high measure of vitality assets equivalent to created nations, for example, US or Japan. In future, the interest will in general increment because of higher pace of populace and vehicle. As the world fifth biggest vitality customer, India utilized 3.7% of the universes business vitality (Shanker, n.d.). Conversely, the accessibility of assets is low; all things considered, sometime assets will be inadequate. As indicated by measurements, 8 percent development of DGP rate would likewise require higher business vitality, for example, coal, from 3.7% to 6.1% and essential vitality gracefully, such non-renewable energy source, from 2.2% to 5.1% (Shanker, n.d.). Be that as it may, each asset is restricted particularly for coal. They are lack in the sum, yet they additionally give low nature of vitality including the harm to the general condition. Realizing that sometime we will go through all these nonrenewable assets, we likewise found other wellspring of solid vitality, for example, sun oriented vitality. Numerous researchers guarantee that in short future, sun based vitality can be No.1 vitality source (What will sun oriented vitality need to command in future, 2010). With boundless measure of vitality, the sun has a capability of making sun oriented force enough to fill the need of each and every individual. Also, vitality gave by the sun is acceptably perfect and it doesn't require any upkeep (Future Uses of Solar Energy, 2009). Be that as it may, this vitality asset is as yet inadequate. Sunlight based vitality doesn't have the ability to finish with petroleum product. It additionally is expensive to acquire this vitality it despite everything requires more remote research. In spite of the fragmented variables of sun oriented vitality, this sort of vitality is probably going to overwhelm the short run future. Atomic force is the second to nothing in making vitality. Like sun powered vitality, atomic vitality leaves no hint of carbon behind (Liptak, 2009). The measure of vitality it is proficient is incredibly high. Be that as it may, atomic vitality has its own detriments. Start off with the precarious expense of uranium. The sum atomic force plant requires could be assessed around 4,000,000 tons. Computing from today uranium cost ($50/lb) it would, one be able to day, out of nowhere raise up to twice its unique expense (Liptak, 2009). The other impediment would be its hazard factors. Atomic force is risky, and its harmful waste is profoundly polluted. Researcher despite everything needs to do explore no how to protect it. Be that as it may, the use today is as of now inexhaustible; it supplies vitality for over 7.5% of absolute utilizations (Liptak, 2009). So it is currently gradually slithering to the pinnacle of long haul vitality. Both sun oriented and atomic vitality are to be anticipate. I accepted they are fit for supplanting existing nonrenewable assets like petroleum product. Future science and innovation would have the option to decrease the expense of these energies. At long last, it will be both commendable and safe. Q5. Regionalization stanzas Globalization, talk about how globalization has prompted regionalization and the pressures that have emerged between these two powers, as these are engaged with the present patterns towards development of mainland exchanging alliances and exchange systems. Look into the protectionist propensities of the 2000s with those of the 1930s. Numerous nations economy attempted to extend their market universally. Globalization process drove them around the world. Be that as it may, at some point, it urges these nations to put resources into the littler zone. The obstructions between societies may meddled the market (Clancy, 2009). So it is progressively helpful to put resources into region with same living style or conviction. This is the reason a few nations change their technique from globalization to regionalization. Exchanging with neighbor is clearly simpler than exchanging with far outsiders. The value rate also contrasts between places. For instance, course reading utilized by Thai college can't be sold in US. For what reason is this so? The value rates among Thailand and US contrast so much that the costs of books made in US is unreasonably expensive for Thais. That is the reason books were imprinted in here only for us, and they are carefully confined by the US. Since is it harder for South East Asian nations to do exchanging with United State contrast with the close by nations. These nations set up their own market with neighboring nations to fortify themselves. ASEAN is one of them. With collaborating nations, to exchange with far outside nations is far simpler. During the mid 1930s, protectionism kept U

Congratulations, youve accepted your offer! Now what

Congratulations, you’ve accepted your offer! Now what You’re finally an Illini! So What do you do now? Look no further than your admitted student checklist! In this blog I’ll be taking you through your next steps as an enrolling student. Your admitted student checklist is on your myIllini account, and that’s also where you’re going to be performing most of these tasks. Admitted Student Checklist Financial Aid Hopefully by this point you’ve filed your Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). If not, go ahead and do that as soon as possible, and make sure to have it sent to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our school code is 001775. The Office of Student Financial Aid (OSFA) will begin sending out financial aid packages around mid-February. If you have further questions, please feel free to contact OSFA. University NetID You also need to set up your NetID and NetID password. You’ll frequently use your NetID to access different resources on campus. In order to do this, you will need your Activation Code and University Identification Number (UIN), both of which are available through your myIllini account. Tip: Make sure that your NetID is something that you’ll remember. Also, it will be part of your email address here at Illinois, so make it something that you won’t be embarrassed to put on any documents, resumes, etc. Housing After accepting your offer of admission, youll have to wait 24 hours before completing your University Residence Hall contract with your housing advance payment or applying online with a Private Certified Housing facility. Housing applications will become available in February with a priority deadline of May 15. Tip: Be sure that you are the one that fills your housing survey. Don’t have your parents do it for you because they may not know your preferences as well as you think! Registration Registration is a 1-day program where you’ll meet with an academic advisor, register for your fall courses, and meet your new classmates! Dates will become available in mid-March. You’ll receive an email with more information at that time, so be sure to keep an eye out for that! College Registration Homework Registration homework and tutorials will be available online starting in early April. You must complete these at least 2 weeks prior to your registration date. Placement You must complete your placement tests at least 2 weeks prior to your registration date. Placement tests will be available starting in early May. Tip: Click the link above to see which placement tests you’re required to take! Final Transcripts/Schedule Changes You must have your official final high school transcripts sent to the Office of Undergraduate Admissions directly from your high school as soon as your final grades are posted. The deadline for us to receive your them is July 10. Official final high school transcripts must include all grades and courses from years 9-12 as well as a graduation date. If you’ve made any changes to your schedule since you applied please be sure to submit the Course Change Form via your myIllini account. Summer enrollees should have their transcript for grades and courses from years 9-11 sent to us by June 1 and then a final high school transcript sent to us once year 12 grades are posted. Additional Credit If you took AP or IB exams you’re welcome to have them sent to Illinois in order to receive college credit.   Scores must be sent directly from the testing agency. AP scores can be sent to the Office of Undergraduate Admissions and IB scores should be sent to  Measurement and Evaluation. Additionally, if you took dual enrollment courses in high school, official transcripts from the institution that offered the dual enrollment courses must be sent to the Office of Undergraduate Admissions. Required Immunizations Immunization forms must be completed and submitted to McKinley Health Center by July 1. International students must bring their completed forms to campus. Disability-Related Resources Students with disabilities must contact Disability Resources and Educational Services to request and obtain disability related assistance at least 6 weeks before instructions begin. This will allow for enough time to make the necessary accommodations. Additional Information myIllini Email Address While this isn’t part of your official Admitted Student Checklist it is a very important tip! If you used an email address from your high school to set up your myIllini account, I would recommend contacting your high school to ask whether or not that email address will be deactivated at the end of the school year. If so, please be sure to submit the biographical change form via your myIllini account prior to your high school email address being shut down. Ensure that you change your email address to an account that you check regularly as we will be sending you some very important information via email over the summer. That’s it! Pretty easy, right? If you have any questions, feel free to contact our office. We’ll be able to help guide you through this process. Finally, go ahead and give yourself a pat on the back because you’re almost a college student!!! Zoe Transfer Recruitment Coordinator, Undergraduate Admissions I help transfer students navigate our application and admission process. I have a background not only in admissions but also in financial aid. I'm originally from southeastern Michigan.

Depression Depression And Depression - 1103 Words

Depression Did you know that people who suffer from depression can raise the percentage of having health problems than those that don’t. Even life events such as graduating, getting married, divorced, a new job or as little as getting into a fight can lead to depression. More than 20 million people in the United States suffer from depression in a given year and up to 15% of those who are clinically depressed die by suicide (All About Depression). What is depression really, well depression is a persistan feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression is a disease, that occurs for a variety of reasons. Some people experience depression during a serious medical illness. Others may have depression with life changes such as a moving to another house or the death of a loved one. Or sometimes it could be genetic and a family history of depression. Those who do may experience depression and feel overwhelmed with sadness and loneliness for unknown reasons. In some cases for women tend to have postpartum depression. That is much more serious than the baby blues that many women experience right after giving birth, when all hormonal imbalances and physical changes and specially the new responsibility of caring for a newborn can be very overwhelming for a first mother. It is estimated that 10 to 15 percent of women experience postpartum depression after giving birth (Depression). Although, women are more likely to suffer from depression than men due to a variety ofShow MoreRelatedDepression : Depression And Depression927 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word Depression. Now that I am older I know not to use that term so loosely because depression is a disorder that is very serious. According to the Mayo Clinic Depression, also known as major depressive disorder is a mood disorder that causes a feeling of sadness and a loss of interest. Depression can cause physical problems because it affects how you think along with how you act. For example, you may not want to do activities that you normally would, due to this disorder. Depression does notRead MoreMy Depression And Depression : Causes Of Depression1080 Words   |  5 Pages Days in Depression When my classmates glance at me walking up the stairs next to them, I know their first impression is not the truth; at least not the whole truth. They may think, â€Å"she’s lucky she can get up early enough to go grab that venti coffee she has† or â€Å"she must have 8ams considering the pajamas she is still wearing,† but I would bet they never think â€Å"that girl looks like she suffers from severe depression.† My name is Amanda Rieper. I am 19 years old, and I do, in fact, suffer fromRead MoreDepression And Sadness Of Depression1423 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Neighbors Winters English 1301.91 11 November 2015 Depression and Sadness Imagine you are in the middle of a monumental ocean surrounded by heavy, crashing waves. (TS) The sky is black, and the water is cold. Suddenly, the current pulls you under and you forget how to swim. You are desperately gasping for air, fighting the current, but you continue to sink uncontrollably. You scream and with every ounce of the little breath left in your lungs, but nobody hears you; nobody saves you. Your bodyRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn popular culture depression has become a thing that is seemingly almost sought after. A lot of youth use depression to have an edge or some kind of thing that makes them different. I feel like this ideology invalidates people with real mental illness and diagnosed depression. I say this but have also fallen victim to this aesthetic or aura that a lot of people portray. Although hard to define, depression can basically be summed up to be the lack of hope or courage pertaining to your life. It causesRead MoreDepression And Depression In Wurtzel931 Words   |  4 Pagesher life while dealing with depression and its symptoms. Having depression at a young age had affected her whole life and has made it difficult to act normal. Wurtzel expresses her sadness and copes in destructive ways such as cutting and doing drugs. The book goes on a journey of her life and the issues she goes through, meeting people, and dealing with additional problems. The novel’s main conflict is battling with depression and the urges of dealing with depression. I believe young readers wouldRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Adolescent Depression1290 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is an issue facing a large amount of people today. It has becoming increasingly known that a lot of depression begins to start in the adolescent years for many individuals. The social work profession is critical in helping this adolescent depression not lead to further depression in adulthood. To understand adolescent depression and what is needed to help people suffering from it, we need to further understand the prevalence of adolescent depression, the effects it has on teens sociallyRead MoreDepression1008 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Teresa Collick HCA/250 April 24, 2016 Depression has always been a major health issue going back for many years. Initially being called â€Å"melancholia† it appeared in the texts of the Mesopotamians in the second millennium. It was then thought of a demonic presence that required a priest to be in attendance. The understanding was that depression wasn’t considered a physical issue but a spiritual or mental illness. The BabylonianRead MoreThe Effects Of Depression And Its Effects On Depression1642 Words   |  7 Pages Depression, 2 Every single day, across the entire world, people are diagnosed with clinical depression. I think a lot of people tend to see depression as a excuse/reasoning for something they ve done. In reality, there have been many discussions done and research studies completed on depression to see whether or not it is genetically passed down or learned through experiences/influences. I think it is safe to say that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in depression. InRead MoreA Brief Note On Depression And The Depression2842 Words   |  12 Pages Robyn Lawhorn July 11, 2015 Psychology 100 Mrs. Fischer Hours Worked: 22 Major depression, also known as unipolar depression, is one of the most common mental illnesses. Over nine million adults each year suffer from depression. Many people don’t understand what depression really is, including myself until I did a lot of research over this subject. Major depression is more than a temporary state of being sad. It is a persistent state that can significantly impair an individual’s thoughtsRead MoreDepression Essay : The Causes And Effects Of Youth Depression1566 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of Youth Depression Most individuals spend a short downcasted period in their lives, but some individuals experience an extended period of dejection. This may be the cause of depression. Depression is a mental disorder that feeds on the negative self-evaluation of an individual. Eventually the individual is blinded of any positivity in their life by the overwhelming pessimistic views of a situation, continuing the cycle. Awareness of adult depression is substantial, but unprogressive

Understanding Leadership And Empowerment Of The Workplace

Annotation Ba, B.-G. M. (2015). Understanding leadership and empowerment in the workplace. European Scientific Journal, 11(35), 342. Critical Summary of Article Employee empowerment has become an important strategic tool used by leaders of the 21st century. According to Ba (2015), a recent change in management style has led to the empowerment of employees in the workplace creating a situation where empowering followers is an assumed responsibility of all leaders and thought to be a motivational tactic. The relationship between leaders and employee has become more strategic than anytime in business due to globalization. Leaders must understand how to use employee empowerment. Ba suggest, a negative view of a leader can hinder performance; therefore, exploring the aspects that guide followers to develop a positive image of their leader establishes desirable outcomes, and can create a positive view of a leader. Employee empowerment is tested to see if it is the key in aligning organizations systems, processes, people, practices, encourages creativity, innovation, problem solving, and problem resolution within a control framework that is beneficial towards many important aspects (Ba). Critical Analysis of Research Method The researchers used a survey process in order to gain results. Stated by Ba (2015), a survey style method was administered to 637 customer service engineers within the same industry whose firms switched from a classical management style to anShow MoreRelatedThe Wonderful Wizard Of Oz1469 Words   |  6 Pagesentails the empowerment of employees. People that are empowered are able to make smart decisions without always having to rely on authority, to point them in the right direction. Creating an empowered organization involves interest in the workplace; minimal absence from work, high retention rates; loyal and motivated team members; as well as efficient results and effective communication amongst team members. In the book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Baum, 1900), leadership empowerment skills areRead MoreThe Leadership Authority, Empowerment, And The Quality Imperative Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss three connected facets of leadership: leadership authority, empowerment, and the quality imperative. While each have distinct qualities and characteristics, they are closely connected. Of these three, empowerment is the focus of two peer-reviewed articles examined for correlation and contrast in this paper. Manning and Curtis refer to â€Å"Robert Cole, influential author and educator† (2015, p.177) and his series of principles that describe empowerment in the workplace. The principles include, â€Å"TrustRead MoreLeadership Style And Vision Content1024 Words   |  5 PagesRelationships between leadership style and vision content: The moderating role of need for social approval, self-monitoring, and need for social power. The Leadership Quarterly, Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 134–153 This journal article discusses studies conducted to determine if there is a correlation between leadership styles and visionary content. The researcher conducted the study during a 14 week leadership development course. The overall findings determined that leadership styles affect how theRead MoreManagement Styles1130 Words   |  5 Pagespersonality. There are many opinions and much writing on just what the various management or leadership styles there are. In my opinion the following list best categorizes the different styles. The three basic styles are: • Authoritarian or autocratic • Participative or democratic • Declarative or Free Reign But a more complete break down would be: Leadership by: • Coaching • Competition • Data • Empowerment • Example • Exception • Model • Objectives • Process • Relationship • Teamwork Read MoreLeadership And Management Of Magnet Hospitals1279 Words   |  6 Pagesfocusing on what is right in successful hospitals. It is a program that has become the gold standard in recognizing positive work environments (McClure, 2005). This paper will focus on leadership and management in Magnet hospitals. It will compare and contrast the different roles in obtaining and maintaining a positive workplace. Like the Magnet designation itself, this paper will focus on the positive attributes of leaders and managers in the journey toward this prestigious status. The American NursesRead MoreEffective Leadership Characteristics And Principles1256 Words   |  6 Pageseffort to enhance professional leadership skills, there are many opportunities for growth. Diversity training would provide more insight into understanding the importance of developing relationships with everyone in a diverse group. Building these relationships and understanding everyone presents the opportunity to unite everyone and make them become more invested and align them with the vision and goals of the organization. There are many examples of effective leadership characteristics and principlesRead MoreCorporate Culture : Improving The Workplace1640 Words   |  7 PagesMaggie Hartig 300W Spring 2013 Corporate Culture Paper Positive Psychology: Improving the Workplace Increasing productivity and sparking motivation in employees, are challenges that managers, businesses, and organizations have struggled with for centuries. While there are many beliefs about which method(s) yield the best results, and what is considered to be the desired result, a ‘one-size-fits-all’ management technique still does not exist. The current movement in psychology, called PositiveRead MoreThe Regency Grand Hotel823 Words   |  4 Pagesfew employees of the hotel were transferred to other positions when the acquisition was done. They might not have the abilities to complete the full range of the new work. Junior and senior managers feel losing power because of the practice of empowerment. Several of them left the hotel. The problem in the hotel is the measurement of a major or a minor issue. There is not a definition or standard states what a major issue is. Most of the managers waste time on dealing with minor issues. The generalRead MoreTransformational Leadership As A Transformational Leader1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent styles of leadership, transformational leadership has become one of the most inspiring forms for leaders to embody. Along with changes in leadership style, the emergence of women as leaders in the workplace has brought about new forms of transformation. These changes have greatly impacted the professional climate of nursing. In order to fully examine these changes it is necessary to look at: the background of transformational leadership, how transformational leadership functions in nursingRead MoreMotivation and Empowerment Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation and Empowerment Paper Compare motivation and empowerment According to the reading motivation is the intensity of a person’s desire to engage in some activity. The motivation process is said to consist of six steps which are said to get one motivated, they are: an unsatisfied need, tension, drive, search behavior, satisfied need, and reduction of tension. Motivation is important to have in the workplace because this is what guides things to happen and will help initiate things to

Transitional Services and Programs Free Essays

string(210) " Each member of the committee serves a specific purpose and is tasked with offering; observation skills, legal background information, assessment and data collection, and services provided by outside agencies\." Abstract Students in this country today face many challenges. Those with learning or physical differences face the additional challenges of equal access to an education as well as to facilities. In addition, many will require transition services to help them adapt to society after completing their high school experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Transitional Services and Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some students with disabilities are diagnosed early in life, while others may go undiagnosed for many years. An observant parent or doctor may pick up on it early on, but it is often a teacher or mentor who picks up on it later in life. When intervention starts early, programs can be designed to provide the student with the necessary services, training, and accommodations to be productive citizens. These services are put in place for the length of the student’s school â€Å"career,† and, in some instances, can provide life-long support. They are referred to as transitional services and are granted to classified students under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA ’04). They can be put in place at any time over the course of a student’s life, but when they begin at the pre-school or elementary level, intervention services can have the greatest long-term benefit for the student. A second transition occurs at the high schoo l level. It is designed to carry the student through the age of twenty-one and then to follow him or her through life, as warranted. Individual school districts are required to have a Committee on Special Education that is convened on a regular basis to address the needs of those students requiring services. Stakeholders include: counselors, educators, administrations, parents, community members, and students, who regularly meet to discuss the goals for the student and the programs and accommodations that will provide them with the tools they need to be successful. Transitional Services and Programs For students who traditionally receive special education services, the path to the â€Å"American Dream† is often riddled with frustration and disappointment. Physical limitations can keep a student from entering their workplace, and once inside the building, accommodations must be in place to allow the worker the ability to move about freely in case of an emergency. This can include the installation of elevators, handicap accessible restrooms, telephones, etc. Federal legislation through the Americans with Disabilities Act provides training, and legal assistance for ensuring that their needs will be addressed (US ADA). The U.S. Department of Education provides training projects, conducts research into appropriate programs, and models best practices for students, in order to provide them with the necessary tools to be successful and productive adults (Will, 1984). Once a student is identified as having a learning or physical disability (this usually occurs in pre-school o r elementary school), they are provided with a series of educational services that are designed to start by the age of fourteen and follow them through to age twenty one (Benz). These are called transitional planning services, as they provide the necessary support for students to further their education, improve the life experience and expectancy for these students, and help them find a useful place in society. Transition planning is designed to lower the possibility that a special needs student will leave high school before graduation, and to encourage them to pursue a higher education so that they can ultimately obtain a better paying job, and develop the skills necessary to find and maintain steady employment (IRIS). Students with Individual Education Plans (IEP) have been identified, tested, and had plans put in place for their current and future education needs. It is important to remember that these needs are reviewed at the beginning and end of each school year to chart progress and decide if program modifications are needed and how they will be implemented. When a classified student reaches the age of fourteen, a transition plan is put into place that provides a series of long- and short-term goals for the student. Short-term goals can include scheduling or programs to ensure that the student will ultimately graduate, or long-term goals that can include strategies for independen t living and college or vocational preparation. The purpose for beginning the transition process between middle and high school is to allow the time necessary to teach skills that will enable the student to lead a healthy, productive life. Consistent membership on the Committee for Special Education is important, as steady members know the entire history of the student, and do not need to spend time bringing temporary members up to speed. As a student makes the move middle school to high school, for example, the membership will change because of the move to a new building. In the Hyde Park School District, that first meeting is held with both committees present. Students are often identified as being in need of transitional services when they enter pre-school. Stakeholders will identify those students they feel are in need of interventions and will work to complete the process of classification. Some may come into the system with IEPs in place from other schools, or they may be recommended for services based on a physician’s diagnosis or a teacher’s observation. The Committee on Special Education then meets to discuss any further testing that will need to be conducted and sets a series of goals for each student. This process will include a listing of programs and accommodations along with the necessary tools to ensure that the student will be successful after they reach the age of majority. Once it is determined that a student will require transition services, a meeting is held with all the stakeholders to discuss student performance to date, required testing and its results, and then put in place a set of accommodations, g oals and timelines for meeting those goals. Members of the Committee on Special Education include; school officials (an administrator and special education coordinator), classroom and special education teachers, support personnel (Guidance Counselor, psychologist, occupational therapist, speech pathologist, etc.), a member from the public, family members and the student. Each member of the committee serves a specific purpose and is tasked with offering; observation skills, legal background information, assessment and data collection, and services provided by outside agencies. You read "Transitional Services and Programs" in category "Essay examples" Transition planning is a team approach (Sitlington). It begins first with the student, and his or her future goals. During an initial interview questioning can include where the student wants to live and how, and what they want to do for a living. Family members are also active participants in this process, as they very often can provide insight into the student that the regular or special education teacher could not. They may observe, for example, that the student likes to build things out of wood, is a good cook at home, or is involved in their church, a specific community group or that they like being outdoors. They can also provide economic (family income, whether there is medical or dental insurance, and the number of family members occupying the residence) and cultural (ethnic background, immigrant status, and the language proficiency of family members living in the same house) information about the student that would be helpful to the process. Even the cafeteria staff ca n be involved in this process, as they will often offer insights as to food choices in the lunch line and whether the student receives free of reduced lunch and breakfast through Title I funding. Both the student and family must feel that the professionals on the team are respectful and that they are being treated with dignity. Before the meeting, the Case Manager will send all the staff notice that a meeting will occur and ask them for comment. School-based professionals can discuss the testing results and put them in terms easily understood by the family (a community member who acts as an advocate on the committee would be a plus for family members with limited English language skills or those with diminished mental capacities.) If the services of a translator are required, the Committee will provide one. In Hyde Park, we often depend on the local hospital for translators in languages other than Spanish of French. This is a service they offer us free of charge as a community outreach. While the special educator is responsible for conducting testing, such as the Gates MacGinitie or Woodcock Johnson, the psychologist will conduct cognitive tests, such as the WISC or WRAT. Both of these provide numerical scores that can be converted to grade equivalents for discussion purposes. This information can then be combined with the anecdotal notes from the student and family interview to create a complete student profile. The regular education teachers will introduce the differentiation strategies used in their particular classroom, the core curriculum for their content area, classroom expectations and how they will impact student learning. Many will offer organizational strategies they have found to be valuable to other students with similar learning or physical differences. The special education coordinator facilitates the meeting and pulls all of the information together, along with the results of any vocational inventories to provide the student with a c omplete transition plan. The guidance counselor very often acts as the student advocate at these meetings. They have had many personal conversations with the students and know what their scheduling needs are. Many schools use the guidance department as the source for formal vocational assessment. This showcases a student’s skills set, areas of interest, and where assistance will be required. â€Å"Standardized testing includes the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test, the Self-Directed Search (SDS), the Strong Interest Inventory, the Occupational Aptitude Survey and Interest Assessment, second edition (OASIS II), vocational aptitudes and inventories (assessment tools that include the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), and college entrance exams† (Levinson Ohler). Informal assessments are designed to gather information from non-standard sources such as teacher anecdotal notes, classroom observations, examples of student work, and medical records. Without these tests, it is difficult to identify what accommodations and modifications should be attached to the plan. It should be noted that students with disabilities are more likely to experience unemployment, lower pay, and job dissatisfaction (Dunn). Many will drop out early, making their ability to maintain employment more difficult. Guidance Counselors can use the vocational inventories to help the student better understand their capabilities and work with them in finding an appropriate job placement. In addition, they help the Committee to validate the formal test data. The counselor will also research post-graduation opportunities for the student. This may include trade school, community college, the military, or the workforce. They communicate with these groups and are aware of the services available to the special needs student. Many maintain databases of local employers looking for students with specific disabilities for their companies. The counselor also coordinates with outside age ncies to line up school-to-work programs, ensure that the student is on-track to graduate, and that all of the State Board of Regents requirements for graduation will be met. Each member of this committee is responsible for contributing to the IEP plan and putting one in place that best meets the needs of the student. After the IEP has been finalized, the work begins. The Case Manager meets with the student to discuss the plan and establish a series of small, personal, easy to achieve goals for the student, based on those in the IEP. Teaching organizational skills, showing the student how to safely and quickly get from place to place within the new building and acting as a consultant to the classroom teacher allows the Case Manager to build a bridge with the content specialist. This can include explaining or providing IEP accommodations, helping the classroom teacher to modify assignments, or provide information about goal setting and progress in the classroom.Perhaps the most important role of the Case Manager is to help the student learn self-advocacy (Levinson Palmer). The student will need to communication their needs to a teacher or employer in the future and must learn to do so respectfully and authoritatively. The Guidance counselor is responsible for making sure that the school-to-work program is in place. He or she acts as a go between for the federal, state, and local services that will be set in place for the student. In Dutchess County, New York, it is DC BOCES that coordinates these services between the member school districts and the support agencies.He or she first considers the results of the formal and informal testing that was conducted and coordinates the educational plan that includes: the type and number of classes, support services designed to ensure student success, employment and strategies for independent living, and learning the skills necessary to cook, clean, balance a checkbook, fill out a job application, and rent an apartment. In addition to the Guidance Counselor, other school personnel can help meet the special needs of the student and help him or her prepare for their future. Dunn (1996) considers that there are â€Å"three goals for students: to gain an understanding of themselves and their abilities, interests, and values; gain an understanding of the world of work; and acquire effective decision-making skills. Each of these areas is important to the students’ ability to make realistic and informed decisions about work, and school-based activities.† Administrators ensure that staff members attend and provide input at transition planning meetings by arranging for classroom coverage. Teachers provide anecdotal classroom notes and assessment data that address the strengths and interests of their students. They can also discuss realistic career goals and invite local trades people to discuss career choices with the class as a whole. A student who wishes to become a doctor, for example, may find greater success as a Certified Nursing Assistant or a Home Health Aide, or they may just volunteer at their local hospital. Discussing Life Science topics with this group would be beneficial. A carpenter needs to use the geometry of perimeter to order and install baseboard trim around a room, an electrician needs to understand the physics electrical loss when running wires over a long distance, and an excavator needs to understand the principals erosion when putting in a driveway. Teachers can introduce career options and incorporate real-world applications of subject matter into homework and tests. Inviting guest speakers into the classroom allows the student to see how their classroom experience relates to real-world skills. Support personnel can offer insight into their career choices. The school cafeteria staff, can give tours and discuss food service careers, the transportation department can talk about mechanics or driving large vehicles, and secretaries can tal k about office jobs; filing, how to properly answer the phone, and collect and distribute mail. Parents should be encouraged to participate in developing the goals and objectives for the student. Whether they have the developmental capacity to do so or not, a parent can often add a perspective that will help the committee. They can attend presentations and workshops with their children, join support groups, or conduct their own Internet research. Parental and community involvement can also include a discussion of personal work experiences, local resources, and career choices. Those students preparing to take a place in the workforce are also given consideration in the transitional process. Finding a rewarding job for many is an equally viable option. In the Hyde Park School District, potential local employers hold a mini job fair for our classified students every spring. They also offer tours of their facilities. Some students will opt to work while still in school, while ot hers prefer to wait until after graduation. Those students participating in the work-study program meet with the employer to fill out a contract with the student requiring that grades be at a â€Å"C† level, proper attire be worn when at work, and that attendance must be within acceptable levels. Several of our students have chosen to continue with these companies after graduation, and one chose to remain in her position while beginning at the local community college. Students choosing to wait until graduation to go to work will obtain employment services, or conduct their job search through a state or local employment agency. Many state and local agencies are available to assist the school, parents and the student in the transition process. In Dutchess County, for example, specialized schools are available that can provide reading support for Dyslexic students, life skills training and education for Autistic students, and job-training for developmentally disabled students. Research through state and local databases can offer a myriad of agencies designed to offer financial assistance, planning and advocacy. Local colleges offer workshops both before the application process and upon acceptance to college (Sherman). County and regional centers offer training, bilingual services, behavior intervention services, approvals for private school providers, and local special education school improvement specialists. Through the student’s IEP, community agencies, families, and service providers can help the student meet their personal goals. For many students in the past, life came to an abrupt halt in their late teens. To allow these students a normal post-high school experience, colleges in twenty-three states have begun programs to provide a college-like experience for many these students. Conclusion For a special needs student, a network of professionals is in place to provide services and support. Through the CSE process, they provide transitional services that begin with careful planning and open lines of communication. The members of the Committee on Special Education meet at regular intervals over the course of the school year to gather related data, look at programs, and provide guidance to the classroom teacher, student, and parents. They then advise all the classroom teachers and any other staff whom may have contact with the student what the result of the transitional services meeting is. Many schools subscribe to an Internet based program called IEP Direct, and post a student’s documentation for all authorized personnel to access. After the meeting, they are asked to read the minutes and offer a response. This â€Å"village† approach to providing stabilization for a student with disabilities has proven to be very successful. References Benz, M., Lindstrom, L., Unruh, D., Waintrup, M. (2004). Sustaining secondarytransition programs in local schools. Remedial and Special Education, 25(1), 39-50. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from ProQuest Education Journals. (DocumentID: 542504691). Dunn, C. (1996). A status report on transition planning for individuals with learning disabilities. In J.R. Patton G. Blaylock (Eds.), Transition and students with learning disabilities: Facilitating the movement from school to adult life. Austin,TX: PRO-ED. The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements. (2007). School counselors: Facilitating transitions for students with disabilities from high school to post-school settings. Retrieved on [April 30, 2011] from http://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/cou2/chalcycle.htm Levinson, E. Palmer, E. (2005, April). Preparing students with disabilities for school- to-work transition and postschool life. Principal Leadership, 5(8), 11-15. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from ProQuest Education Journals. (DocumentID: 827244261). Levinson, E. Ohler, D. (2004). Vocational assessment for transition planning: guidelines for educators. National Association of School Psychologists. Bethesda, MD. www.nasponline.org. Sherman, M. (2010, October). Colleges to include more students with intellectual disabilities. Education Daily, 43(174), 2. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from ProQuest Education Journals. (Document ID: 2170206871). Sitlington, P., Neubert, D., Clark, G. (2010). Transition education and services forstudents with disabilities. (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson. United States Department of Labor; Disability Resources. Retrieved May 3, 2011. http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/disability/ada.htm Will, M. (1984). OSERS programming for the transition of youth with disabilities:Bridges from school to working life. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. How to cite Transitional Services and Programs, Essay examples

Write a magazine article Essay Example

Write a magazine article Essay With lower budgets, very basic special effects and black and white picture, Alfred Hitchcocks psycho still manages to grind out the suspense to compete with todays blockbuster hits. With some of the most memorable scenes in cinema history, it makes you wonder, will this unique psychological thriller ever die out? The film cost one million dollars to make, and amazingly made over fifteen times that value within just one year of its release and with one million pounds being so much back in 1960, Psycho was an outstanding hit and an incredible achievement for British director Alfred Hitchcock. There is no doubt that Hitchcocks directory used the such basic equipment and limited special effects to their full tension creating potential. Even today when we have the choice of many up to date pragmatic movies to choose from at the local film rental shop, Psycho still remains a popular choice on the shelf. It is also a favourite for media courses as it is packed with clever directory techniqu es, twists and memorable scenes to comment on. Psycho is a prime example that a classic never dies. Psychos uniqueness and popularity is mostly down to the number of genres it represents. This creates a vast target market of viewers to enjoy this visual masterpiece. The film opens with a sexual frisson where a couple appear to have secretly just had some kind of sexual action in the middle of the day. This was a first back in 1960 as the censorship rules far stricter on nudity. The main character Marion then is seen stealing $40,000 from her work place, from here on the whole sexual frisson comes to an end and a cops and robbers crime scene kicks off. It just so happens that the motel Marion chooses to stay at just happens to be owned by a psychopathic killer and therefore the horror movie genre over takes the cops and robbers genre. The murders that motel owner Norman Bates commits are found out In the style of a detective movie and has the classic Scooby Doo ending to it where the murderer happens to be the owner of the place. It is therefore difficult to put Psycho into one genr e but what you can say is, it has something for everyone in it which I believe is one of the secrets of its success. We will write a custom essay sample on Write a magazine article specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Write a magazine article specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Write a magazine article specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Successful films must always contain some key features and Psycho manages to contain them all. The plot of the story makes it gripping throughout. The plot is packed with twists, turns and excitement with the odd shock and surprise whilst there are always some red herrings in the story to mislead you. Hitchcock makes us assume things such as Normans mother. We are led to believe that she is a real person yet we never actually see her, only her silhouette in the window, until the end of course where there is that horrific image of her decaying body in the wheelchair. You will undoubtedly notice some interesting characters in the film as well to add a bit of interest to the story. Most noticeably and most memorably is Norman Bates who is a little different to your average person, mostly because he dresses up as his dead mother and brutally murders people, but his personality makes him appear to be anything but a psychopathic killer. As Marion first parks up at the motel and Norman appears from the gothic house on top of the hill, he seems just the type of guy you would want to meet yet ironically he is actually the opposite of this. Since the death of his mother who he actually murdered himself, he has two sides to him; the Norman side which is simply himself who is a generally nice guy and his dreaded mother side; where he is an uncontrollable threat. Whenever something that would have potentially upset his mother is said, the mother side of him takes over and Norman appears to be a completely different character such as when Marion makes the com ment about it being possibly easier for him if he sends his mother to a home and he becomes almost possessed by his mother side. Hitchcock signals this by a change in music and a close up of Normans forbidding eyes. Yet when he is out of mother mode he is helpful to Marion and despite being rather shy he likes to talk at every opportunity and talks honestly like about how little visitors he gets at his motel and as an audience we have sympathy for him because he seems to be a bit of a loser as they say. He does however appear quite intelligent with his use of metaphors about life such as his explanation of us all being in our own trap. As for the other main character Marion, she was the 1960s equivalent to a model, although this opinion has died down a bit, as her appearance is a bit unfashionable to todays standards. Comparing to todays standards, the special effects may not be as visually realistic but what makes it still compete in tension is the realism of the storyline and that this could happen to you. Today, the story lines from films often contain things like aliens invading the planet so us humans get rid of them by shooting them with laser beams, and admittedly the special effects make this look realistic but you never walk away feeling effected by it as things like this simply do not happen. However, Norman Bates was based on a true character and everything that happens in psycho, happens in real life, from murder to affairs. In fact, I remember going to a Hitchcock theatre on holiday and watching the shower scene from Psycho and secretly the reason I didnt have a shower in the hotel for two weeks was if Im being honest, because I was scared and not because I wanted a bath. This is why psycho lives long in the memory of those who dare to watch it. Hitchcock uses incredibly clever directory techniques to absorb the audience into another world. He uses symbolism and irony that the audience unconsciously take in such as the birds of prey in Normans office. Norman claims his mother is as harmless as one of those stuffed birds and as we discover, she has in fact been preserved by Norman using his stuffing experience and these birds in their time were not the kind of birds youd keep as pets. The memorable scenes which are some of the most famous in cinema history are just what makes it the difference between a good film and a great film, this is mostly down to the way Hitchcock directs the scene using music which can either create tension or shock such as the high screeching music and the clever camera angles which shock the audience in the shower scene. Obviously the quality of todays special effects have changed cinema for the better today but the illusions Hitchcock wanted to make back in 1960, could hardly be made much better even with todays technology. He was left with the bare bones of special effects and the basics of lighting and camera angles. In the shower scene again for an example, you never see the knife enter the body as the camera angle cuts just before and you are left to picture yourself what happens next with the help of the sound effect of a knife stabbing a melon. The music is a key part of what creates suspense and a general feeling of the current event. Near the beginning of the film when Marion is suspicious about the following policeman, the music creates the feeling of a chase taking place and the music when Norman changes character to his mother side, the music creates tension. The most famous scene of the film if not, any film is the shower scene. There is a long period of there being no dialogue in which we see Norman remove a picture off his office wall and peek through a hole at Marion who is getting undressed as she prepares to have a shower. This is the first signal visible to the audience that Norman may be some kind of threat to Marion and you question what he is about to do. He then disappears up to the house on top of the hill. Meanwhile we see a close up of Marions face as she turns on the shower. I always wondered myself whether the water would be unbearably cold if you turn it on without any time for it to heat up, but thats irrelevant. Before now, we are hinted that Marion has changed her mind after speaking to Norman and she is in fact going to go back and give back the money she stole. The camera angle cuts so we can see the water washing down from the above showerhead. Perhaps this is symbolising the water washing away Marions sins and show ing her starting again. The scene is rather calm until we see a shadow cast on the shower curtain and the camera takes its concentration off Marion and onto this shadow. Whilst the audience questions who or even what it is, the curtain is torn across and we see the dark figure of Norman Bates dressed as his mother with a knife raised above his head. Simultaneously the music creates a fast high pitch screech whilst Marion screams for help. Norman repeatedly slashes Marion and the camera angle quickly flashes between the dark shadowy figure of Norman and the bright image of Marion. She is cornered in a shower with nobody within saving distance of her, which adds to the tension. As Norman stabs her, the camera cuts to another part of her body, partly to let us imagine ourselves what would happen next but also to do with the censorship rules not allowing it and probably the special effects not being able to create such an illusion. The stabbing of the Melon creates a gruesome and I assume a realistic sound. After many slashes, Norman casually walks away whilst Marion grabs onto the shower curtain in a desperate last gasp attempt to save herself but her sheer weight is too much for the hooks to take and she falls back down. The camera then concentrates on all the blood going down the plughole to give a ghastly ending to the attack. The camera then cuts so it is focused right on Marions eye which despite her being dead, sti ll looks in shock, then the camera slowly spirals away from her to show the lasting image of her dead body on the floor. The shocking thing about it is the unexpectation of it. Norman seemed to like Marion and showed no signs and had no reason to harm her, but as we find out, it is the mother side of him which drove him to commit this murder. His mother would not have been happy with him having another woman other than her in his life so through sheer jealousy; the mother side of him forced him to murder her. I personally follow the opinion of most others in that psycho is a classic film and really do give credit to Alfred Hitchcock for using the bare basics of cinematic tools to create one of the greatest ever films. My opinion suggests that Hitchcocks directing was the difference between this version of Psycho and the newer version that was made and was what made it a success.

Ringers Solution Recipe

Ringers Solution Recipe Ringers solution is a special salt solution made up to be isotonic to physiological pH. It is named for Sydney Ringer, who determined that the liquid around a frogs heart must contain a set proportion of salts if the heart is to remain to beat (1882 -1885). There are different recipes for Ringers solution, depending on its intended purpose and the organism. Ringers solution is an aqueous solution of sodium, potassium and calcium salts. Lactated Ringers solution (LR, LRS or RL) is a special Ringers solution that contains lactate and is isotonic to human blood. Here are some recipes for Ringers solution. Ringers Solution pH 7.3-7.4 7.2 g sodium chloride - NaCl0.37 g potassium chloride - KCl0.17 g calcium chloride - CaCl2 Dissolve the reagents into the reagent-grade water.Add water to bring the final volume to 1 L.Adjust the pH to 7.3-7.4.Filter the solution through a 0.22-ÃŽ ¼m filter.Autoclave Ringers solution prior to use. Emergency Veterinary Ringers Solution This solution is intended for rehydration of small mammals, to be administered orally or subcutaneously via a syringe. This particular recipe is one that can be prepared using common chemicals and household equipment. Reagent-grade chemicals and an autoclave would be preferable if you have access to those, but this gives you an idea of an alternate method of preparing a sterile solution: 9.0 g sodium chloride - NaCl (154.00 mM): non-iodized table salt0.4 g potassium chloride - KCl (5.64 mM): Morton or NOW salt substitute0.2 - 0.3 g calcium chloride - CaCl2 (2.16 mM): calcium chloride powder1.3 g dextrose (11.10 mM): granular dextrose0.2 g sodium bicarbonate - NaHCO3 (2.38 mM): baking soda  (*add last) Mix together the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and dextrose solutions or salts.If salts were used, dissolve them in about 800 ml of distilled or reverse osmosis water (not tap water or spring water or water to which minerals have been added).Mix in the baking soda. The baking soda is added last so that the calcium chloride will dissolve/not precipitate out of solution.Dilute the solution to make 1 L of Ringers solution.Seal the solution in small canning jars and cook it at least 20 minutes in a pressurized steam canner.The sterile solution is good for 2-3 years unopened or up to 1 week refrigerated, once opened. Reference:   Biological Bulletin Compendia,  Cold Spring Harbor Protocols

How to Write Stellar Stanford Essays 3 Expert Tips

How to Write Stellar Stanford Essays 3 Expert Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you hoping to be one of the 5% of students admitted to Stanford this year? If so, you’ll need to write some amazing essays as part of your application. In this article, we’ll outline the different types of essays you need to write for your Stanford University application and teach you how to write an essay that will help you stand out from the thousands of other applicants. What Are the Stanford Essays? Stanford requires that you complete a total of four essays as a part of your application for admission. You’ll need to answer a prompt provided by the Common Application or Coalition Application, depending on which one you use to submit your Stanford application through. If you're looking for more information about either of these prompts, we cover them in depth on our blog. You’ll also need to respond to three Stanford-specific short essay questions. The Stanford essay prompts offer you plenty of opportunities to show off your qualifications as an applicant and wow the admissions committee. Want to get into Stanford or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. 2018-19 Stanford Essay Prompts You’ll also need to respond to three Stanford Questions for your Stanford supplement essays. You’ll submit the Stanford supplement essays online with your Coalition or Common app. You need to respond to all three of the Stanford essay prompts for your application. Each one of the Stanford essays has a 100-word minimum and a 250-word maximum. Here are the 2018-19 Stanford essay prompts: The Stanford community is deeply curious and driven to learn in and out of the classroom. Reflect on an idea or experience that makes you genuinely excited about learning. Virtually all of Stanford's undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate- and us- know you better. Tell us about something that is meaningful to you, and why? Stanford Essays Analyzed In this section, we’ll be looking at each of the three Stanford supplement essays in depth. Remember, every applicant must answer every one of the Stanford essay prompts, so you don’t get to choose which essay you would like to write. You have to answer all three of the Stanford essay prompts well in order for your application to stand out. Let’s take a look at each of the three Stanford short essay questions and see how to write something meaningful for each. Stanford Essay Prompt #1 The Stanford community is deeply curious and driven to learn in and out of the classroom. Reflect on an idea or experience that makes you genuinely excited about learning. This Stanford essay prompt is very broad. The structure of the prompts indicates that the committee is interested in learning about your curiosity inside and outside of the classroom, so don’t feel like you have to limit the lessons you talk about to ones that occur at school. The most important thing to remember here is to be specific. The committee doesn’t want you to wax poetic about the virtues of remaining eternally curious; they want to see how a real-life example has affected you. For instance, instead of talking about how a trip to a foreign country opened your eyes to different cultures, pick a specific moment from your visit that really hammered home the importance of curiosity. Go into detail about how that one experience affected you. Being specific is more powerful than speaking in generalized platitudes. Similarly, you want to write about something that you're genuinely passionate and excited about. After all, it says so right in the prompt! Pick a topic that you truly love, such as a historical fiction book that you read that inspired you to learn about a new era in history or the science fiction movie that sparked curiosity about how time works in space. Don’t feel limited to your potential major. Stanford doesn’t require that you pick and stick with a specific major for your application, so you don’t have to write about a moment here that relates to your predicted course of study. In fact, picking a learning experience in a different field will better show that you’re curious and open to new ideas. Stanford Essay Prompt #2 Virtually all of Stanford's undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate- and us- know you better. Stanford’s roommate essay question is notorious. While the other two of the three Stanford essays may change from year-to-year, the Stanford roommate essay is always on the application. First, remember that this essay is written to your future roommate, who will be one of your peers. You can adopt a more informal, fun tone with this essay, because the prompt indicates that it’s going to someone who is your age. The Stanford roommate essay is your opportunity to show a different side of your personality than the admissions committee will see on the rest of your application. This essay is your chance to show yourself as a well-rounded person who has a variety of different interests and talents. Don’t repeat information that the committee can find elsewhere on your application. Take the time to share fun, personal details about yourself. For instance, do you make awesome, screen-accurate cosplays or have a collection of rock crystals from caving expeditions? Think about what you love to do in your spare time. Be specific - the committee wants to get a real picture of you as a person. Don’t just say that you love to play video games, say exactly which video games you love and why. The roommate essay is also a great time to show off your community - the friends, family, teammates, etc. who make up your current life. You can talk about the deep bonds you have and how they have affected you. Showing your relationships to others gives the committee a better idea of how you will fit in on Stanford’s campus. All in all, the Stanford roommate essay is a great opportunity to have some fun and show off some different aspects of your personality. Let yourself shine! Stanford Essay Prompt #3 Tell us about something that is meaningful to you, and why? While all three of the Stanford essay prompts are fairly broad, the third Stanford essay prompt is by far the broadest. You can write about anything that’s meaningful to you here - the prompt doesn’t specify that you have to talk about something academic or personal. Sometimes, broad prompts can be more intimidating than prompts that have a very narrow focus. The trick here is to (again) pick something specific and stick to it. Don’t, for instance, say that world peace is meaningful to you because it won’t sound sincere. You should talk about something that is uniquely important to you, not the other thousands of students that are applying to Stanford. Pick something that is really meaningful to you. You could talk about your relationship with your grandmother and how she taught you how to cook or a specific musical album that reminds you of an important experience in your life. You might talk about a club or after-school activity that has broadened your horizons or an academic award you won after an extreme challenge. Whatever topic you choose, your essay should feel sincere. Don’t write what you think the committee wants to hear. They’ll be more impressed by a meaningful experience that rings true than one that seems artificial or implausible. How to Write a Great Stanford Essay Regardless of which Stanford essay prompt you’re responding to, you should keep in mind the following tips for how to write a great Stanford essay. #1: Use Your Own Voice The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think Stanford wants you to be. #2: Avoid Cliches and Overused Phrases When writing your Stanford essays, try to avoid using cliches or overused quotes or phrases. These include quotations that have been quoted to death and phrases or idioms that are overused in daily life. The college admissions committee has probably seen numerous essays that state, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world.† Strive for originality. Similarly, avoid using cliches, which take away from the strength and sincerity of your work. #3: Check Your Work It should almost go without saying, but you want to make sure your Stanford essays are the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your Stanford application, make sure to edit and proofread your essays. Your work should be free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your Stanford essays, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. What’s Next? If you want to be one of the 6% of students accepted to Stanford, you'll have to have a great GPA. Check out our guide on how to get good grades in high school for some tips and strategies! Confused or intimidated about the college admissions process? Check out our complete guide on how to apply to college. If you want to stand out from the crowd as an applicant, you'll need a solid resume of extracurricular activities. Learn more about your extracurricular options and why they matter. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Is the one-child policy in China effective Is it ethical Are there Essay - 1

Is the one-child policy in China effective Is it ethical Are there other solutions - Essay Example On the other hand, the policy allows people who have their first babies as girls to have another child but, regardless of the gender of the second child, the parents are not allowed to have a third one. For rural Chinese, access to different services is limited and the different family planning attempts are not popular in such place of China, which make 60 percent of the total population of China. The one child policy in China has negative effects and can be subjected to critical ethical consideration to find whether it is effective and any alternative step to be taken. This policy by the Chinese government has been aimed at reducing the country’s population growth rate. China is factually one of the most populated countries in the world, with an estimated population of 1,354,040,000, which is 100 million more than the world’s second largest country, India. Culturally, the Chinese community believes in the tradition of having many children. Whilst the government is concerned about the demographics of the country and planning on the resources distribution to its ever rising population, the people are concerned with how they need to maintain their culture. As a result of the ever growing population, the government has increasingly strengthened its policies and measures to a point of introducing the one child policy. This is a strict measure by the government which is aimed at reducing the number of the young generation and subsequently increasing the number of the aging population. Data available on the Chinese population is worrying ev en to the government itself. The figure 1,354,040,000 does not include the island of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau which are governed as administrative districts of China. One child policy in China also called the family planning policy was designed to limit the number of children couple in different areas can get and the different conditions of that can allow different people to have more than

Scenario Planning for Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships Term Paper

Scenario Planning for Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships - Term Paper Example The antibiotic will also help CMS to save more money (28,000 dollars, annually). The administrator also acknowledges the drawbacks that come with the CMS using the antibiotic. The administration is for instance at home with the concerns that border on the lack of familiarity with the drug and the addition of a step to an already busy pre-operation nurses’ workload. However, the administrator’s initial statement and vouching for the antibiotic is premised on the antibiotic not have its pitfalls, but its benefits far outweighing its disadvantages. Stakeholder’s Background Thinking and First Responses and the Administrator’s Response Option Choice The stakeholder’s background thinking and the first response is largely ambivalent. While there are those who readily welcome the introduction of the antibiotic in CMS’ surgical interventions, others are diametrically opposed to the same idea. For instance, the pharmacist is positive about the introduc tion of the antibiotic, because he has learned about the drug. The financial analyst is likely to welcome this move since it will help save 28,000 dollars annually. The preoperational nurse and surgeon are not in support of the antibiotic. Although the nurse is interested in making her efforts patient-centered, she is worried that the move will add her other responsibilities at the preoperational stage. The surgeon, on the other hand, loathes government mandates and regards them as unnecessary since he has a generally positive track record for patients who have come from surgery. However, he lacks knowledge on the actual rate of post-surgery wound infections, due to his surgery patients. In this case, it is important that the administrator acknowledges these concerns since they are legitimate. Conversely, the administrator should consult the opposing team so as to place modalities on the introduction of the antibiotic. The modalities are to alleviate the setbacks that may shortchang e the preoperational nurse and the surgeon. During these consultations, the administrator must make it clear that the introduction of the antibiotic is inevitable. How to Communicate With the Stakeholders According to Dewar (2010), the best way of communicating with these stakeholders in order to convince them to welcome the use of the antibiotic is a dialogue. The administration can initiate and facilitate the dialogue by welcoming the stakeholders to a meeting. Efforts must be made to ensure that the meeting remains a dialogue instead of a monologue. In this light, the preoperational nurse, the surgeon and the like-minded who have reservations towards the introduction of the preoperational antibiotic must state their standpoints and qualify them. From this angle, the administration and the stakeholders must work together to designate modalities that can mitigate the demerits that accost the use of the new antibiotic. On the same wavelength, it will be imperative that the administr ation expounds on the need to integrate the antibiotic to CMS’ surgical intervention.

Patient-Focused Pharmacy Arguments

Patient-Focused Pharmacy Arguments Catalysts For Change: Will Pharmacy in the United States Embrace Them? David A. Latif, M.B.A., Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: To briefly discuss previous paradigm change calls for pharmacy practice to move toward a more patient-focused profession, and to make the case that several catalysts are in place to move toward a more patient-focused profession in the near future. SUMMARY: From Eugene White’s â€Å"Office Based† practice model to Helpler and Strand’s â€Å"Pharmaceutical Care† model, during the past 50 years there have been no shortage of expert advocates for the pharmacy profession moving toward a patient-focused one. The results so far have not been as optimal as many would have hoped. An argument is made that the confluence of the passage of the Affordable Care Act, pharmacist manpower stability (and fear by many of an impending oversupply), and the imminent and future impact of automation and technology serve as excellent catalysts to influence the profession to move much more rapidly toward the patient-focused care paradigm. CONCLUSION: The profession must embrace the opportunities discussed regarding moving quickly toward the patient-focused paradigm. Although several barriers still exist, especially in the community setting, it is difficult to see a path whereby pharmacy can rely on dispensing for its livelihood to the extent it has historically. Therefore, the profession has little choice but to embrace the role of the pharmacotherapy expert in collaborative health care practice. During the past half century several authors have called for a paradigm change in the pharmacy profession away from a drug product focus to a more patient and clinically focus.1-7 From Eugene White’s concept of an â€Å"office-based pharmacy† practice in the early 1960s (in violation to the profession’s 1952 Code of Ethics) to Donald Brodie’s thoughtful â€Å"Drug-Use Control† in the 1969 to Hepler and Strand’s â€Å"Pharmaceutical Care,† in the late 1980s there has been no shortage of expert advocates espousing the need for pharmacists to reduce their reliance on the distributive function of prescription medications and emphasize the cognitive component.2,5,6 The need for the paradigm shift revolved around several themes, including the following: 1. To reduce preventable drug-related morbidity and mortality; 2. To regain the professionalization of pharmacy that was ameliorated due to the rise of prepackaged and premixed drugs after Wo rld War II; and 3. To protect against future loss due to automation.1-7 Despite this, especially in the community setting, there is wide-spread agreement that patient-focused care is not practiced as optimally and consistently as it could be practiced.8,9 In addition, historically there have been many barriers to patient-focused care, including time constraints at the community level.10 Perhaps the most significant barrier is the fact that pharmacies have not been reimbursed at a profitable level for providing patient care services. 10,11 One major reason for the underwhelming changes relates to the fact that, with significant shortages of pharmacists during the recent past resulting in meaningful salary increases, there was not a sense of urgency to consistently and fundamentally change pharmacy practice. The situation may be different today due to at least two major factors. First, according to the Aggregate Demand Index (ADI) most of the United States is â€Å"in balance† with a minority of states in moderate demand.12 This contrasts to a high demand for pharmacists as recently as 2007.12 Contributing factors to this supply change include an unprecedented growth in both new schools and colleges of pharmacy, as well as significant expansion of current programs.13,14 Also, some will argue that many pharmacists are working longer than they expected due in part to the Great Recession of 2008. A second reason for why the situation may be different today has to do with the advances in automation and technology. Although there have been previous discussions regarding automation and technology and their impact on the profession, there is some evidence to suggest that the distributive function of pharmacy (i.e., dispensing) will be negatively impacted in the near and long term. A recent summary by Colvin regarding the advances made in technology spotlights the impact these advances may have on the world of work. 15 According to Colvin, the key question to ask is: â€Å"What can people do better than computers?† For example, what impact will Google’s autonomous car have on the future of trucking? What is happening to lawyers is a useful example of how technology can impact professional jobs. In the discovery phase of litigation, computers are much better than people for screening documents for relevance related to germane law cases. They are also better at predicting Supreme Court decisions than humans. That does not bode well for high salaries and full employment in the law profession. Watson, IBM’s cognitive computing system, is not only smarter than we are, but has become 240% faster in the past 2 years! In pharmacy, the robot at University of California at San Francisco’s hospital has replaced all dispensing and has not had an error in 350,000 prescriptions.16 Although the hospital has not reduced its pharmacist staff it is possible that they could in the future. In addition, the technology can be used in other pharmacy organizations to potentially reduce the need for pharmacis ts. On a macro-economic level, economists struggle to explain why the 2008 economic recovery was so tepid. In past recessions, it has taken only 18 months for the U.S. economy to return to pre-recession levels. It has taken 77 months for the 2008 recession. Could advancing technology be a factor in why real wages have stagnated? Former Treasury secretary and economist Larry Summers recently stated: 17 Until a few years ago I didn’t think this was a very complicated subject; the Luddites were wrong, and the believers in technology and technological progress were right. I’m not so completely certain now. We now have the lowest work participation in decades for those in the 25 to 54 age range. Why? What is the answer in pharmacy to the question â€Å"What jobs can humans do better than computers?† Certainly, pharmacists cannot dispense prescriptions better than computers. But pharmacists can perform the non-routine task of patient-focused care better than computers (although some believe that future automation will include robots that can show empathy and emotion). Quality investigations such as the Ashville Project have demonstrated that pharmacists can reduce health care costs and improve patients’ medication therapy outcomes.18 Despite these successes, due to a myriad of reasons such as lack of consistent reimbursement for pharmacist services, many pharmacists’ clinical skills remain underutilized. Interestingly, former APhA President Bruce R. Canaday’s gave a thought provoking inaugural address on March 21, 2006 when he stated the dilemma facing the pharmacy profession.19 He stated that pharmacy needs to change its model of practice â€Å"Becaus e if we don’t, we could become extinct, with our roles in the health care system replaced or eliminated.†19 He cogently argued that optimal medication order fulfillment can be done from anywhere in the world; therefore not changing may result in the pharmacist’s job being marginalized. Since 2006, automation and technology have become more advanced. Paradigm changes often are precipitated by catalysts for change. The catalysts today present tremendous opportunities for pharmacists to utilize their previous underutilized skills in optimizing patients’ complex medication management therapy. In addition to the threat on pharmacists’ jobs from remote medication order fulfillment serving as a catalyst to change, provisions stemming from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that includes Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) and Patient Centered Medical Homes (PCMH) may serve as meaningful catalysts.20,21 These provisions have the goal of reducing costs while imp roving quality. Because of ACA, millions of more citizens and residents of the United States have health insurance. Subsequently, the aforementioned opportunities exist for many health professions, including pharmacists, to optimize patients’ health outcomes. To realize these opportunities, a necessary first step is to be recognized as a Health Care Provider under Social Security. Then, the profession must find a consistent way to get paid for their services in a consistent manner. Because of the Pay-For-Performance incentive programs inherent in ACA the environment is amenable to the cost-saving pharmacist services that pharmacists can excel at. White and Latif presented a model that could work where the pharmacist (with residency training) works as the pharmacotherapy expert in physicians’ offices throughout the United States.22-24 These highly skilled pharmacists would initiate and monitor patients’ complex medication management outcomes. About a third of pri mary care physicians’ time is spent with chronic medication patients.25 By combining the physician’s expertise (diagnosis) with the pharmacists expertise (optimal pharmacotherapy outcomes) the synergy gained may optimize patient outcomes and reduce health care costs due to drug misadventures. White and Latif discussed the changes needed for such a model to work.22-24 The United States spends approximately 50% more on health care than the next most expensive country, Norway.26 If health care were a country, it would be tied with France for the 5th largest economy. The rate of increase of health care expenditures is unsustainable. At its current pace, 50% of our GDP could go to health care by 2070! Therefore, there will be intense pressure on the industry to reduce its costs. In addition to nurse practitioners and physician assistants, pharmacists can play a crucial role in reducing health care costs. Despite the aforementioned positives for pharmacy three key issues remain to be seen: 1. Will pharmacy be awarded Provider status in the near term?; 2. If and when they are awarded Provider status, will they be able to consistently procure fair reimbursement for services that save the health care system money?; and 3. Assuming #s one and two come to fruition, will the United States need as many pharmacists as pharmacy schools are producing? It could b e that highly trained pharmacists will add significant value to the health care system, but because the dispensing function ameliorates fewer pharmacists are needed. In summary, healthcare and pharmacy has and will continue the change. Health care costs must be reduced in the coming decades or the United States economy will collapse (i.e., it is not possible to have 30 to 50% of GDP going to Health Care). The next 5 to 10 years will be critical for the pharmacy profession. Because it is difficult to see a path whereby pharmacy can rely on dispensing for its livelihood to the extent it has historically, pharmacy has little choice but to embrace the role of the pharmacotherapy expert in collaborative health care practice. As former APhA president Canady stated regarding the alternative: â€Å"Because if we don’t, we could become extinct, with our roles in the health care system replaced or eliminated.† 19 REFERENCES White EV. An interesting pharmacy. VA Pharm 1962;46(3):24-7. White EV. How the family medication record was originated. Pharm Times. 1971; 34-37. White EV. The development of the family prescription record system. Am Pharm Assoc. 1973; NS13; 357-359. Hepler, CD. Pharmacy as a clinical profession Am J of Hosp Pharm. 1985 42, 1298-1306 Hepler, CD, Strand LM Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J of Hospital Pharmacy.1990 47(3), 533-543. Brodie, DC, Drug Utilization and Drug Utilization Review and Control, U. S. Depart. of health, education and welfare, 1969. Knapp, DA, Wolf, HH, Knapp DE. The pharmacist as a drug adviser, J Am Pharm Assoc. 1969, 502-505. De Young M. A review of the research on pharmacists’ patient-communication views and practices. AJPE, 1996, 60, 60-77. Shah B, Chewning B, Conceptualizing and measuring pharmacist-patient communication: a review of published studies. Res Social Adm Pharm. 3006, Jun; 2(2) 153-85. Raisch DW., Barriers to providing cognitive services. Am Pharmacy. Vol, NS33(12), 54-58. Scott MA, Hitch B, Raye L, Colvin B. Integration of pharmacists into a patient-centered medical home. J Am Pharm Assoc.2011;51(2):161-166. Aggregate Demand Index, Pharmacymanpower.com. Accessed Jun 15, 2014. http://www.aacp.org/about/pages/vitalstats.aspx. Accessed June 15, 2014. Brown D., From shortage to surplus: The hazards of uncontrolled academic growth. Am J of Pharm Educ., 2010; 74(10) Article 185. Colvin G., In the future will there be any work left for people to do? Fortune, June 2, 2014. Rush-Monroe K., New UCSF robotic pharmacy aims to improve patient safety.March 7, 2011. www.ucsf.edu. Accessed on July 20, 2014. Summers L. The 2013 Martin Feldstein lecture. National Bureau of Economic Research. 2013(4). Cranor CW, Bunting BA, Christensen DB. The Ashville Project: Long-term clinical and economic outcomes of a long-term community pharmacy diabetes care program.J Am Pharm Assoc.2003;43(2):173-84 CanadayBR. Taking the fork in the road†¦and changing the world!J Am Pharm Assoc.2006;46:548–50 Abelson R. The face of future health care. The New York Times. March 20, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2014. Smith M, Bates DW, Bodenheimer T, Cleary PD. Why pharmacists belong in the medical home. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29:906–913. White EV, Latif DA. Office-based pharmacy practice: Past, Present, and Future. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2006 40: 1409-1414. Latif DA, White EV. Reengineering pharmacotherapy delivery to maximize the role of the pharmacist and improve patient outcomes. Research in Soc and Admin Pharm. 2007 3: 223-235. White EV, Latif DA. Restructuring the role of the community pharmacist. J Am Pharm Assoc.2006 46(5); 532-35. Ghorob A, Bodenheimer T. Sharing the care to improve access to primary care. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1955–1957. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2010),â€Å"OECD Health Data†,OECD Health Statistics(database). doi: 10.1787/data-00350-en (Accessed on 14 February 2011).